Who was the king during the English Civil War and executed in 1649?

The king during the English Civil War who was executed in 1649 was Charles I. His reign witnessed intense conflict between the monarchy and Parliament, largely centered around issues of governance, taxation without representation, and religious freedoms. The English Civil War began in 1642, spurred by Charles I's attempts to assert royal prerogative and bypass Parliament. After being defeated by the Parliamentary forces, Charles was tried for treason and ultimately executed in January 1649, marking a significant turning point in English history and leading to the temporary establishment of a republic under Oliver Cromwell.

James I, who ruled before Charles I, was the first monarch of the Stuart dynasty and is known for commissioning the King James Bible. Charles II, who follows Charles I, was restored to the throne in 1660 after a period of republican rule. Oliver Cromwell was not a king but rather a military leader and statesman who became the Lord Protector of the Commonwealth following Charles I's execution, leading to a republican form of government.