Which philosophical idea supported the notion of resistance against unjust governance?

The concept of the Social Contract is fundamental in the discourse of political philosophy, particularly in discussions surrounding governance and the rights of individuals. This idea, notably articulated by philosophers such as John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, posits that governments derive their legitimacy from the consent of the governed. According to this argument, individuals agree to form a society and submit to its authority in exchange for the protection of their rights and welfare.

If a government becomes unjust or acts against the interests and rights of its citizens, the Social Contract suggests that the people have not only the right but also the moral obligation to resist and overthrow that government. This formation of contracts implies that political authority must be held accountable to the will and rights of the people, which inherently supports the idea of resistance against oppression or injustice.

In contrast, the other options do not provide a foundation for resistance against government authority. Divine Right reinforces the concept that monarchs derive their power from God, making resistance to their rule not only unjustifiable but often sacrilegious. Mercantilism, an economic theory focused on trade and colonial expansion, does not address political rights or governance directly. Utilitarianism, while concerned with the greatest good for the greatest number, does not specifically advocate for resistance against