Which empire was known as the "Sick Man of Europe" during the 19th century?

The term "Sick Man of Europe" refers specifically to the Ottoman Empire during the 19th century, highlighting its declining power and influence in the region amidst rising nationalistic movements and territorial losses. Throughout this period, the Ottoman Empire faced internal strife, economic difficulties, and the challenge of various ethnic groups seeking independence or greater autonomy. This deterioration was symbolized by the empire's inability to modernize effectively and defend its vast territories against external pressures, especially from rising European powers.

In contrast, the Austro-Hungarian Empire was more stable during the 19th century, despite facing its own nationalistic challenges. The Russian Empire, while it experienced some issues like serfdom and social unrest, was expanding its influence. The British Empire, on the other hand, was at the height of its power during this time, dominating global politics and economics. Thus, the designation of the Ottoman Empire as the "Sick Man of Europe" aptly underscores its weakened state compared to other empires in the 19th century.