What other author developed a new political model based on rules of natural rights?

John Locke is the author who developed a new political model based on the rules of natural rights. His philosophical framework emphasized the importance of individual rights and the concept that individuals inherently possess rights to life, liberty, and property. Locke argued that governments are formed through social contracts to protect these natural rights, and if a government fails to do so, the people have the right to revolt and establish a new government.

Locke's ideas were foundational for modern democratic thought and significantly influenced later political philosophies, including those that shaped the American and French revolutions. His writings contrasted sharply with those of other philosophers of the time, who had different views on the nature of government and authority. For example, Thomas Hobbes advocated for a strong central authority to prevent chaos, while Voltaire and Denis Diderot focused more on issues of religious tolerance and enlightenment ideals rather than a structured model of government based on natural rights.