The poem's themes are a response to which development?

The correct answer highlights how the poem's themes reflect the significant societal changes brought about by industrialization and urbanization. As cities expanded and industrial development took hold during the late 18th and 19th centuries, many poets and writers addressed the consequences of these transformations, such as the alienation of individuals from nature, the harsh realities of factory work, and the rapid changes in social and economic structures.

The themes in the poem may explore feelings of dislocation, the loss of traditional ways of life, and the emotional or physical toll that such shifts impose on people. Poets responded to the contradictions of progress, often romanticizing the past while critiquing the impacts of modernity. The growth of industrialization and urbanization shaped not only the physical landscape but also the collective consciousness and artistic expression of the period.

The other options, while relevant to the context of the era, do not specifically capture the primary concerns raised by the poem. Peasant movements, for example, dealt more with agrarian issues, demands for suffrage focused on political reform, and rising literacy rates pertained more to education and individual empowerment. Each of these aspects played roles in the broader societal changes, but the essence of the poem connects directly to the experience of industrial