The ideas expressed in this passage best illustrate which of the following 18th century trends?

The ideas expressed in the passage likely illustrate the application of scientific and rational principles to government because the 18th century, particularly during the Enlightenment, emphasized reason, logic, and empirical evidence as foundations for knowledge and political thought. Thinkers such as John Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau advocated for the application of rational thought to governance, arguing that human beings, through reason, could understand the principles of just governance and society. This period saw a challenge to traditional forms of authority, encouraging political structures to be assessed and reformed through rational analysis.

This emphasis on reason and science during the Enlightenment set the stage for significant political movements, including various revolutions that sought to implement these principles in practical governance. The influence of science and rational thought in political theory paved the way for modern democratic concepts and practices, which tried to align governance with rational principles as understood by enlightened citizens.